The oba (meaning 'king' in the Yoruba language) at Oyo, who was referred to as the Alaafin of Oyo (Alaafin means 'owner of the palace' in Yoruba), was the head of the empire and supreme overlord of the people. Like other renowned world empires, the empire reached the … 2 Mar. La structure de l'armée d'Oyo avant sa période impériale était simple et plus proche du gouvernement central de la métropole d'Oyo. Late 16th and 17th century expeditions were composed entirely of cavalry. Au 17ème siècle, Oyo entama une longue période de croissance, devenant un empire majeur. Oranyan followed the advice and founded Oyo where the serpent stopped. Alors que l'Alaafin d'Oyo était le maître suprême du peuple, il n'était pas sans contrôle de son pouvoir. Nous voudrions effectuer une description ici mais le site que vous consultez ne nous en laisse pas la possibilité. [35] The Yoruba of metropolitan Oyo were also highly skilled in craft making and iron work. They could also call for an alafin’s suicide if he abused his power. Il laissa tous ses trésors à Ife et permit à un autre roi d'y régner. [46], After the death of Awole, there was a scramble for the throne by numerous contenders; some were reported to have spent less than six months on the throne; there was also a period of interregnum of almost twenty years where the various factions could not agree on a candidate. L' empire d'Oyo était un empire Yoruba de ce qui est aujourd'hui le Bénin et l'ouest du Nigeria (y compris la zone sud-ouest et la moitié ouest de la zone centre-nord). The empire succeeded lle-lfe as the dominant kingdom in the area after 1700. Cela a parfois conduit le prince héritier , connu sous le nom d'Aremo, à hâter la mort de son père. Oyo like all African states on the coast engage in the slave trade. Afonja a pris cause avec Awole lorsque ce dernier lui a ordonné d'attaquer la maison maternelle d'Alaafin Abiodun, Iwere-Ile. A loose confederation of Yoruba kingdoms in West Africa. [22] This area was south of metropolitan Oyo, and its Yoruba inhabitants spoke different dialects from that of Oyo. 2 mars 2009. According to tradition, the Alaafin was expected to commit ritual suicide thereafter. According to Wikipedia, the Oyo Empire was the Empire of Yoruba of what is now Western, northern central Nigeria and the northern part of the Fon kingdom in the present Benin Republic.Oyo was founded in the 15th century and became one of the largest West African kingdoms (states). L’empire se désintégra après le saccage et l’abandon d’Oyo-Ile en 1835. [12], The reinvigorated Oyo Empire began raiding southward as early as 1682. Les impôts sur le royaume du Dahomey rapportaient à eux seuls un montant estimé à 638 mille dollars américains par an. [28], Since the Are-Ona-Kakanfo could not reside near the capital, arrangements had to be made for the latter's protection in case of emergency. 2e éd. Le plus important d'entre eux était le festival Bere, marquant l'acclamation du règne réussi par les Alaafin. Oyo was ruled by an alafin (king) who shared power with the Oyo Mesi, aristocratic leaders from each of Oyo city’s seven wards. Dr Catel discusses the yoruba people, in particular the Oyo empire. Les érudits n'ont pas déterminé dans quelle mesure cette structure existait avant l'invasion des Nupe. Les guerriers du Dahomey, en revanche, n'avaient pas de cavalerie mais de nombreuses armes à feu. The Oyo Empire was an ancient West African kingdom that reigned from the 15 th century until 1835. Tributary leaders and provincial governors were responsible for collecting tribute and contributing troops under local generalship to the imperial army in times of emergency. During the colonial period, the Yorubas were one of the most urbanized groups in Africa. [28] The power of the Alaafin of Oyo in relation to the Oyo Mesi and Ogboni depended on his personal character and political shrewdness. Scholars have not determined how much of this structure existed prior to the Nupe invasion.After reemerging from exile in the early 17th century, Oyo took on a noticeably more militant character. It's beginnings and structure. Après la destruction d'Oyo-Ile, la capitale a été déplacée plus au sud, à Ago d'Oyo. Oranmiyan founded the Oyo nation after he had established the bini dynasty, making him the first Alaafin (ruler) of the Oyo kingdom. [30] Their titles related to the king, such as oba l'olu ("the king is supreme") or madarikan ("do not oppose him"). Au début du XIX e siècle, l’empire yoruba d’Oyo dominait nombre d’États yorubas et le Dahomey, son vassal de 1748 aux années 1820. Not long after the war was won, Oranmiyan had a son, Ajuwon Ajaka; much later Arabambi was born by the woman from Tapa (Nupe). Les boucliers mesuraient quatre pieds de haut et deux pieds de large et étaient faits de peau d'éléphant ou de bœuf. Established in the late 14th or early 15th century, the West African kingdom of Oyo grew into an empire that was dominant among the historical Yoruba states. Once given the calabash or the parrot's eggs, the Alaafin, his eldest son the Aremo, and his personal counselor within the Oyo Mesi, the Asamu,[32] all had to commit suicide in order to renew the government. Oranmiyan founded the Oyo nation after he had established the bini dynasty, making him the first Alaafin (ruler) of the Oyo kingdom. [7], Under his successor, Abipa, the Yoruba repopulated Oyo-Ile and rebuilt the original capital. 1700 (CC BY-SA 3.0) Oyo, a pre-colonial kingdom in present-day Nigeria, was founded in the 1300s. The Oba, otherwise called Atiba Atobatele, died in 1859; His son Adeyemi I, the third Alaafin to rule in the present Oyo, died in 1905. Le parti de Clapperton a enregistré le passage de nombreux villages Oyo incendiés par les Peuls d'Ilorin tandis que Majotu avait également sollicité l'aide du roi anglais et de l'Oba du Bénin pour réprimer la rébellion d'Ilorin. L' Oyo Mesi et le culte Yoruba Earth connu sous le nom d' Ogboni ont maintenu le pouvoir de l' Oba sous contrôle. Les affluents Egba et Egbado ont été autorisés, comme leurs homologues Yoruba, à se gouverner eux-mêmes. Il s'est développé grâce aux compétences organisationnelles et administratives exceptionnelles du peuple Yoruba, à la richesse tirée du commerce et à sa puissante cavalerie . L'Empire d'Oyo est devenu l'un des plus grands Etats de l'Afrique d'ouest rencontrés par les explorateurs pré-coloniaux. Peoples of the rain- and dry forest belt which runs across the southern part of West Africa made clearings for their villages and successfully grew crops such as yams, bananas, and oil palm kernels. Oyo a mené une campagne réussie dans le territoire de Mahi au nord du Dahomey à la fin du 18e siècle. Ajaka returned to the throne thoroughly more warlike and oppressive. [38] The Yoruba and their neighbours used triple barbed javelins which could be thrown accurately from about 30 paces.[13]. Cela peut avoir été adéquat au 15ème siècle, quand Oyo ne contrôlait que son cœur, mais pour faire et maintenir la conquête plus loin, la structure a subi plusieurs changements. [52] He also attempted to get the Ijaye to protect Oyo from the west against the Dahomeans. Around the capital was a tall earthen wall for defense with 17 gates. fondé en XVe siècle, l'Empire Oyo a grandi pour devenir l'un des plus grands Etats de 'Afrique de l'Ouest rencontrés par les explorateurs précoloniales. [8] The Nupe sacked the capital, destroying Oyo as a regional power until the early 17th century. His successor, Kori, managed to conquer the rest of what later historians would refer to as metropolitan Oyo.[4]. The events that led to the secession of Ilorin began in 1793. En plus de leurs devoirs en ce qui concerne le culte de la terre, ils étaient chargés de juger toute affaire concernant le déversement de sang. [39] These were 70 junior war chiefs who were nominated by the Oyo Mesi and confirmed by the Alaafin of Oyo. Easley, Dr. Larry. [33] This contributed to Oyo's ability to consistently field a large force. [25] The Alaafin of Oyo was also expected to give his subordinates honours and presents. Nigeria; Lien externe. Oba Atiba sought to preserve what remained of Oyo by placing on Ibadan the duty of protecting the capital from the Ilorin in the north and northeast. Were made in salt, leather, horses, kola nuts, ivory, cloth and.... Américains par an oversee his interest and monitor commerce after gaining its independence, Dahomey began southward! Forced its ruling dynasty to take refuge in the 14th century, Oyo a campagne... 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