The Rohtas Fort was built on a hill overlooking the point where the Kahan River meets a seasonal stream called Parnal Khas, in the Tilla Jogian Range. It is one of the largest fort in world. It was built under Afghan king Sher Shah Suri. The fortification wall, however, has collapsed at some places, and the monument is threatened by encroachment, which has disturbed the original drainage system of the fort. Rohtasgarh Fort under Mughals The fortification wall is nevertheless vulnerable to rainwater flooding and choking the original drainage system. It is probably one of the only surviving early Muslim structure in Pakistan.Built on top of a steep cliff on the right bank of the River Kahan, Rohtas once commanded the medieval trade route of the Shahi road or Shah Rah-e-Azam (now known as Grand Trunk Road or, simply as, the GT Road). Web Browser not supported for ESRI ArcGIS API version 4.10. Rohtas Fort represented a new form of fortification, based essentially on Turkish military architecture developed in reaction to the introduction of gunpowder and cannon, but transformed into a distinct style of its own. Este fuerte, llamado Qila Rohtas, nunca fue conquistado y permaneció intacto hasta nuestros días. Publications World Heritage Review Series Resource Manuals World Heritage wall map More publications ... Funding World Heritage Fund International Assistance. Other websites. The Gakhars were not native of the region. Yet why was Rohtas Fort built with such magnificence and why was it then deserted? Further towards west, some construction must have taken place although there is no written evidence of what it was. Within the boundaries of the property are located all the elements and components necessary to express the Outstanding Universal Value of the property, including its massive defensive walls, monumental gateways, irregularly spaced semi-circular bastions, and, within the enclosure, the cross wall that defines the inner citadel, the baolis (stepped wells), the Haveli Man Singh, and the Shahi Masjid mosque. In spite of being bound hand and foot, the fakir escaped unhurt each time. One of the reasons why Suri had the fort built was to suppress Potohar, the local tribes of the area. Rohtas Fort is a protected antiquity in terms of the Antiquities Act, 1975, passed by the Parliament of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Het werd nooit verwoest door een bestorming en is daardoor tot op heden ongeschonden gebleven. Road one kilometer past Dina. Sher Shah Suri named Qila Rohtas after the famous Rohtasgarh Fort in Shahabad district near Baharkunda, Bihar which he captured from the Raja of Rohtas Hari Krishan Rai in 1539. The fort was built to control the aggressive local people, the GHAKKARS, and as a safety measure against the return of Humayun. A village grew within the walls, and exists day. Later, the Fort was served as the capital of the Gakhar Tribes. During the Sher Shah's reign 10000-armed men guarded the fort. Rohtas, constructed in 1541-3 is an example of a “fort” built by the Muslim invaders of N India before the Mughals fully established themselves and developed their own “style” (There are others even earlier – e.g Tukhlukabad dates to 1321 and Daulatabad to 1327). The Fort is 8 km away to the right from this turn. Rohtasgarh is situated on the upper course of the river Son, 24° 57′ N, 84° 2′E. It was built under Afghan king Sher Shah Suri, to subdue the rebellious tribes … You have to travel on G.T. It can be reached easily from the Dehri town, which has very good road network. The buffer zone around the perimeter wall of the fort varies between 750 m and 1500 m in breadth and provides excellent protection for the setting and integrity of the monument. Tourists have to climb the stairs to reach the gate of the fort which is very exhausting. The Chandra and Tunga dynasties, which ruled in Bengal and Odisha regions respectively, traced their origin to a place called Rohitagiri, which may possibly be modern Rohtas. The fort lies on the historic GT road between the mountainous region of Afghanistan and the plains of Punjab. But he was not able to hide at the fort. The hill on which the fort is situated has the height of 1500m. It is approximately The main historic features of Rohtas Fort are authentic in form, setting, and materials. A dilapidated gate with a cupola can be seen there, which is the first of many gates provided for well-guarded entrances to the fort. [citation needed]It has 83 gates and network of many underground place and tunnels. Criterion (ii): Rohtas Fort blends architectural and artistic traditions from Turkey and the Indian subcontinent to create the model for Mughal architecture and its subsequent refinements and adaptations. There were many encounters with the British where the latter were at a disadvantage, for the jungles and the tribal in them were of great help to the Indian soldiers. According to the local legends, the Rohtas hill was named after the Rohitāśva, a son of the legendary king Harishchandra. The Aina Mahal, the palace of the chief wife of Man Singh, is in the middle of the palace. The Khayaravalas are probably represented by the modern Kharwars.[6][3]. [4] The inscription states that he defeated a "Yavana" army; the "Yavana" here probably refers to a Muslim general. But the later ones contained fierce Afghan soldiers, who captured Rohtas and forced the Hindu king to flee. Основные укрепления состоят из массивных стен протяженностью более 4 км, бастионов и монументальных ворот. © UNESCO World Heritage Centre 1992-2020 A steering committee created in 2003 oversees the conservation and development work. Rohtas Fort (Punjabi, Urdu: قلعہ روہتاس‬‎; Qila Rohtas) is a 16th-century fortress located near the city of Jhelum in the Pakistani province of Punjab.The fortress was built during the reign of the Pashtun king Sher Shah Suri between 1541 and 1548 in order to help subdue the This fort is about 4 km in circumference. Finally the Diwan of Rohtas, Shahmal handed it over to the British Captain Goddard. The palace was constructed in a north-south axis, with its entrance to the west with barracks for soldiers in front. Irregular in plan, this early example of Muslim military architecture follows the contours of its hilltop site. The fort lies eight kilometers south of the Grand Trunk Road. The Rohtasgarh or Rohtas Fort is located in the Son River valley, in the small town of Rohtas in Bihar, India.it is symbol of kushwaha/kushwanshi dynasty. Rohtas Fort was built by Sher Shah Suri in 16th century. This fort is about 4 km in circumference and the first example of the successful amalgamation of Pashtun and Hindu architecture in the Indian Subcontinent. It is the largest of the gates and was made in 1597 AD. Het fort is een mijlpaal in de geschiedenis van de bouw van forten. The tall imposing superstructure corresponds the temples of Rajputana (Rajasthan), especially of Ossian near Jodhpur built in the 8th century AD and the Mira Bai temple of the 17th century AD at Chittor. At the end of the climb, one reaches the boundary wall of the fort. Raja Todar Mal built the fortress on the orders of Sher Shah Suri. Photos and description of the architecture of Rohtas Fort, Jhelum, Pakistan ; Qila Rohtas) is a 16th-century fortress located near the city of Jehlum in the Pakistani province of Punjab.The fortress was built during the reign of Sher Shah Suri. Rohtas Fort is a historical garrison fort built by king Farid Khan (Sher Shah Suri), located near the city of Jhelum Pakistan to subdue the warrior tribes of North Punjab. The main fortifications of this 70-hectare garrison consist of massive masonry walls more than four kilometres in circumference, lined with 68 bastions and pierced at strategic points by 12 monumental gateways. The early history of Rohtas is obscure. Sher Shah Suri built a strong equipped complex at the North West of city Jehlum (now the part of Pakistan), after the defeat of Mughal Emperor Humayun. From the fourth floor one can get a bird's eye view of the surrounding area. Rohtas Fort Following his defeat of the Mughal emperor Humayun in 1541, Sher Shah Suri built a strong fortified complex at Rohtas, a strategic site in the north of what is now Pakistan. There was peace at the fort for the next 100 years or so, which was at last broken at the time of the First War of Independence in 1857. According to the local legends, the Rohtas hill was named after the Rohitāśva, a son of the legendary king Harishchandra. There is an assembly hall in the second floor and a gallery resting on strong, engraved stone pillars. Rohtas Fort, (Qila Rohtas) is an exceptional example of early Muslim military architecture in Central and South Asia, for it was built essentially for military purposes. Rohtas Fort Pakistan History. The Constitution (18th Amendment) Act 2010 (Act No. https://m.patrika.com/weird-news/story-about-rohtasgarh-fort-bihar-3425910/, Coordinates: 24°37′N 83°55′E / 24.617°N 83.917°E / 24.617; 83.917, For the UNESCO World Heritage Site in Pakistan, see, sfn error: no target: CITEREFDevendrakumar_Rajaram_Patil1963 (, Learn how and when to remove this template message, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rohtas_Fort,_India&oldid=983315465, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Articles needing additional references from June 2016, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2019, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 13 October 2020, at 14:58. Now, this is the property of the Swati family. The site where Rohtas Fort was built in 1541 marked the north western boundary of the empire. Поскольку этот форт никому не удалось взять штурмом, он сохранился до настоящего времени неповрежденным. In 1621 AD, the Prince Khurram revolted against his father Jahangir and took refuge at Rohtas. However, Humayun still posed a threat to Suri. [2] However, no evidence has been found at Rohtas to confirm this theory. Rohtas Fort is a historical garrison fort located near the city of Jhelum in Punjab, Pakistan. The king agreed and the first few palanquins had women and children. He built a splendid palace for himself, renovated the rest of the fort, cleared up the ponds and made gardens in Persian style. Rohtas fort was built basically for military purposes in 1541-43. As the Governor of Bengal and Bihar, he made Rohtas his headquarters in view of its inaccessibility and other natural defenses. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rohtas Fort. In 1558 AD, Raja Man Singh, Akbar's Hindu General, ruled Rohtas. Khurram once again came to Rohtas for safety when he tried to win Avadh, but lost the battle of Kampat. Rohtasgarh Fort was inaccessible and also was a place to look after Bengal and Bihar easily. Sher Shah Suri bouwde na zijn nederlaag tegen de Mogol keizer Humayun in 1541 een sterke vestingstad in Rohtas. The idol of the deity is missing from here also, though the rest of the building is in good condition. Форт Рохтас, иногда называемый Кила-Рохтас, является редким примером ранней мусульманской военной архитектуры в Центральной и Южной Азии. It was built under Afghan king Sher Shah Suri. After defeating Mughal emperor Humayun in 1541, Sher Shah Suri built a strong fortified complex upon a hill top at Rohtas, to prevent Humayun’s return. La fortificación principal es una muralla de más de cuatro kilómetros de perímetro dotada de bastiones y puertas monumentales. Amar Singh, the brother of Kunwar Singh, together with his companions took refuge here. De belangrijkste vestingwerken bestaan uit massieve muren, die meer dan vier kilometer lang zijn. The fort was also designed to suppress the local Gakhar tribes of then Potohar region. Most noteworthy are the sophistication and high artistic value of its decorative elements, notably its high- and low-relief carvings, its calligraphic inscriptions in marble and sandstone, its plaster decoration, and its glazed tiles. This fort is about 4 km in circumference. Rohtas Fort is built near Dina town on the GT road and is located at the confluence of Kahan River and Parnal Kass stream. During Aurangzeb's reign the fort was used as a detention camp for those under trial and housing prisoners sentenced for life. Haibat Khan, a trustworthy soldier of Sher Shah built the Jami Masjid in 1543 AD, which lies to the west of the fort. The hall is decorated with etchings of flowers and leaves, and lies on similarly decorated pillars. His son Murad Baksh was born to his wife Mumtaz Mahal. Baba Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikh religion, had stayed at the place known as Ghan stream in front of Rohtas Fort in 16thCentury. Op onregelmatige afstand zijn in de muren 68 halfronde bastions gebouwd en er zitten 12 monumentale poorten in. During his two-month stay at the fort, the Captain destroyed the storeroom and many of the fortifications. For the visitor, they are exhausting climb of an hour and a half. Tras derrotar al emperador mogol Humayun, en 1541, Sher Sha Suri ordenó construir un conjunto de fortificaciones en Rothas, un lugar estratégico situado en el norte del actual territorio de Pakistán. There is a mausoleum of perhaps Habsh Khan, the daroga or the superintendent of works of Sher Shah. The early history of Rohtas is obscure. Due to its location, massive walls, trap gates and 3 Baolis (stepped wells) it could withstand a major siege although it was never besieged.Most of the fort was built with ashlar stones collected from its surrounding villages such as Tarraki village. An interior wall partitions the inner citadel from the remainder of the fort, and an internal water supply in the form of baolis (stepped wells) gave the fort’s garrison self-sufficiency in water. Qila Rohtas is a garrison fort and could hold a force of up to 30,000 men. There is strict control over any form of building or alteration in and around the village (there is an internal buffer zone around the village). Rohtas was een strategische locatie in het noorden van wat nu Pakistan is. It was never taken by storm and has survived intact to the present day. The fort is situated at about 1500 feet above sea level. This fort is about 4 km in circumference. X of 2010), bestowed the Government of the Punjab with full administrative and financial authority over all heritage sites located in its province. More Contacts Site Map Become a member Donate Now! About half a kilometer to the west of Man Singh's Palace is a Ganesh temple. After the death of Man Singh, the fort came under the jurisdiction of the office of the Emperor's wazir from where the governors were appointed. It was designed as an impregnable stronghold immune to infantry warfare, able to survive a siege for years and spacious … Fort Rohtas wordt ook wel Qila Rohtas genoemd. A blend of architectural and artistic traditions from elsewhere in the Islamic world, the fort had a profound influence on the development of architectural style in the Mughal Empire. It was built under Afghan king Sher Shah Suri, to subdue the rebellious tribes of the northern Punjab region, in the 16th century. Raja Man Singh was a general of Emperor Akbar who ruled Rohtas from 1558 onwards. Now only 84 steps are left, which lead to a temple. It is said that he was thrown from here into the valley three times. It is a four-storied building, with a cupola on top. The beautiful stucco style, with the cupola resting on pillars reminds of the Rajputana style where the domed structures are known as chhatris. 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Este fuerte constituye un ejemplo excepcional de la antigua arquitectura militar musulmana en esta región de Asia. It took eight years to built the fort, it was captured by Mughal emperor Humayun in 1555. It was also meant to subdue the rebellious Gakhars’. Located in Punjab, near the city of Jhelum, the historic Rohtas Fort is a fortress that was built in the 16 th century by the Afghan king Sher Shah Suri during his rule after the Battle of Chaunsa in 1539. 赫达斯，是中亚和南亚地区穆斯林早期军事建筑中的一个特别的例子。. Rohtas Fort is located near the city of Jhelum in Punjab, Pakistan. Rohtas Fort, is near the city of Jhelum city in the Pakistani province Punjab. However, the legends about Rohitāśva make no mention of this area, and no pre-7th century ruins have been found at the site. Rohtas Fort (Urdu: قلعہ روہتاس ‎,Qila Rohtas) is a garrison fort built by the great Afghan king Sher Shah Suri. Outside the palace grounds are the buildings of Jama Masjid, Habsh Khan's Mausoleum and the Makbara of Shufi Sultan. WebGL must be enable, Post-Conflict and Post-Disaster Responses, World Heritage Committee Inscribes 46 New Sites on World Heritage List, Astronomy and World Heritage Thematic Initiative, Human Evolution: Adaptations, Dispersals and Social Developments (HEADS), Initiative on Heritage of Astronomy, Science and Technology, Initiative on Heritage of Religious Interest, Natural World Heritage in the Congo Basin, Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape, Reducing Disasters Risks at World Heritage Properties, World Heritage and Sustainable Development, World Heritage and Sustainable Tourism Programme, World Heritage Centre’s Natural Heritage Strategy, World Heritage Earthen Architecture Programme (WHEAP). The Rohtas Fort Conservation Programme was initiated by the Archaeology and Museums department and the Himalayan Wildlife Foundation in 2000 to help protect the fort and develop it as a heritage site conforming to international standards of conservation and tourism. Iconoclasts probably destroyed the roof and the main mandap, which housed the sacred lingam. Locals have a story to tell about this place that this spot is the mouth of a cave, where a Muslim fakir (mendicant) is buried. It was built by Harish Chandra of the Solar dynasty and was named after his son Rohitasva after whom the fort (Rohtasgarh) was named. It is one of the most impressive historical monuments in Pakistan. Sher Shah Suri laid foundation for this Fort in 1542,and after approximately 8 years the construction was completed in 1550 in the reigm of Saleem Shah Suri successor of Sher Shah Suri. The fortress was built during the reign of the Pashtun king Sher Shah Suri between 1541 to 1548. Rohtas Fort is one of the finest specimens of pre-Mughal military architecture. Ultimately he was buried in the cave. As mentioned above, Rohtas Fort was built by Sher Shah Suri, in order to stop the Mughal Emperor Hamayun, exiled to Persia after a heavy defeat in the Battle of Kannaju. Rohtasgarh Fort is one of the ancient forts of India which was constructed in the city of Rohtas situated on the banks of Sone river. Finally, after a long drawn out military blockade and many clashes, the British overcame the Indians. The Fort at Rohtas, near the modern town of Jhelum in northern Pakistan, is one of the largest and most formidable forts in the Indian sub continent, yet it is one of the least widely known. The mighty fort was constructed to prevent Humayun’s re-conquest of India and to suppress the Potohar tribes, particularly Gakhars who had remained loyal to the Mughals. The guardian of the fort, Saiyyad Mubarak handed over the keys of Rohtas to the prince. [1], The oldest record at Rohtas is a short inscription of "Mahasamanta Shashanka-dava", whom John Faithfull Fleet identified with the Gauda king Shashanka. Rohtas Fort (Punjabi, undefined; Qila Rohtas) is a 16th-century fortress located near the city of Jehlum in the Pakistani province of Punjab.The fortress was built during the reign of Sher Shah Suri between 2516 and 2518.wikipediawikipedia The residential quarters of Man Singh were on the first floor, which was connected to the ladies' rooms via a gateway in the east. United Nations. The Directorate General of Archaeology and Museums, Government of Punjab, is responsible for the management and protection of Rohtas Fort. The site includes the fort and a number of other buildings, including several … One is the Rohtasan, a temple of Lord Shiva. A beautiful mosque known as Shahi Masjid is situated near the Kabuli Gate, and the Haveli (Palatial House) Man Singh was constructed later in the Mughal period. Rohtas Fort, built in the 16th century at a strategic site in the north of Pakistan, Province of Punjab, is an exceptional example of early Muslim military architecture in central and south Asia. It is spread in 42Sqkm. About a mile to the North-East of the Palace are the ruins of two temples. Goddard left, keeping some guards in charge of the fort, but they too left after a year. The locals call it the Hanging House, as the fall from here is a straight 1500 ft down with no obstacles on the way. An assembly hall, probably the Diwan-e-Khas or the hall or private audience is a little towards the west of Baradari or the hall of public audience. The limited restoration that has been carried out has been minimal and discreet, avoiding the use of inappropriate modern materials. From here one has to walk another mile or so before the ruins of Rohtas can be seen. Rohtas Fort is unique: there are no surviving examples on the subcontinent of military architecture of this period on the same scale and with the same degree of completeness and preservation. The perimeter is over 5km long but it was built in only 20 years and was then abandoned. However, the legends about Rohitāśva make no mention of this area, and no pre-7th century ruins have been found at the site. References. Rohtas Fort, built in the 16th century at a strategic site in the north of Pakistan, Province of Punjab, is an exceptional example of early Muslim military architecture in central and south Asia. Rohtas Fort (Qila Rohtas) was built in the 16th century by Sher Shah Suri and is located near the city of Jhelum in Punjab, Pakistan. Sher Shah Suri knows the importance of the strategic location of Fort, to stop Mughal Emperor and Gakhar tribes. Rohtas Fort (Punjabi, Urdu: قلعہ روہتاس‬‎ Qila Rohtas) is a historical garrison fort located near the city of Jhelum in Punjab, Pakistan. This is one of the largest fort and defensive walls with several monumental gates. Criterion (iv): Rohtas Fort is an exceptional example of the Muslim military architecture of central and south Asia during the 16th century. They were extremely loyal to Humayun. The domes crest the Devi Mandir. Rohtas Fort blended architectural and artistic traditions from Turkey and the Indian subcontinent, thereby creating the model for Mughal architecture and its subsequent refinements and adaptations (including the European colonial architecture that made abundant use of that tradition). Sher Shah Suri had just lost the Fort at Chunar in a fight with the Mughal emperor Humayun and was desperate to gain a foothold for himself. It takes around two hours from Sasaram to reach the foot of the hill over which is the Rohtas fort. Sher Shah requested the ruler of Rohtas that he wanted to leave his women, children and treasure in the safety of the fort, while he was away fighting in Bengal. So being the governor of those places, Man Singh made the fort his headquarters. This fort is about 4 km in circumference and the first example of the successful combination of Pashtun and Hindu architecture in the Indian Subcontinent. Rohtasgarh is situated on the upper course of the river Son, 20 37’ N and 85 33’E. Sustaining the Outstanding Universal Value of the property over time will require taking measures to enhance the management, conservation, and presentation of the property, particularly regarding the drainage system in the fort and encroachments. Road towards Lahore for 100 km to Dina. Rohtas Fort is 109 km from Rawalpindi/Islamabad. In 1539 CE, the Fort of Rohtas passed out of the hands of the Hindu kings into those of Sher Shah Suri. In or… Some parts of the fort were built with bricks.The fort is irregular in shape and follows the contours of the hill it was constructed on. The most expansive structure within the palace is, however, the Takhte Badshahi, where Man Singh himself resided. Rohtas Fort is a 16th-century fortress located near the city of Jhelum in the Pakistani province of Punjab. It is made of white sandstone and comprises three domes. После поражения от могольского императора Хумаюна в 1541 г. Шер-Шах-Сури построил мощный оборонительный комплекс в Рохтасе – стратегически важном месте, расположенном на севере современного Пакистана. Sher Sha Suri, founder of the Suri dynasty, commenced construction of Rohtas Fort (also called Qila Rohtas) in 1541. The main gate is known as the Hathiya Pol or the Elephant Gate, named after the number of figures of the elephants, which decorate it. The members of this dynasty ruled the Japila territory as feudatories, possibly that of the Gahadavalas. I described facts about Rohtas Fort below. The Rohtas fort was built to crush the local tribes of Potohar, who rebelled against the Sur dynasty after the Mughal emperor Humayun was ousted by the former. Completing, approving, and fully implementing the master conservation plan prepared under the Rohtas Fort Conservation Programme and establishing a regular monitoring regime, among other activities, would conform to international standards of conservation. Why the Fort was built? The sanctum of the temple faces two porch-ways. The Mughal Emperor, Humayun, had fled from India along with his family, when Sher Shah Suri took over the empire. This style had not been used in Bengal and Bihar earlier but its emergence at Rohtas was not surprising as more than half the fort's guardians came from Rajputana. This fort is about 4 km in circumference. They had helped Humayun and his family to escape from India after the battle of Kanauj. It was originally built to crush … [3], A 1223 CE (1279 VS) inscription suggests that Rohtasgarh was in possession of one Shri Pratapa. In 1763 AD, in the Battle of Udhwa Nala, the Nawab of Bihar and Bengal, Mir Kasim, lost to the British and fled with his family to Rohtas. The road to Rohtas forks off G.T. Central Superior Services (CSS) MCQs, Group D MCQs, History of Pakistan and India MCQs, Muslim Struggle for Independence MCQs, Akbar , Sher Shah Suri , Shah Jahan , Aurangzeb He made improvements in the fort and built a palace for himself. [5] F. Kielhorn identified Shri Pratapa (Śrī-Pratāpa) as a member of the Khayaravala dynasty, whose inscriptions have been found at other locations in the Rohtas district. The fort is still in a fairly good condition. The fort has been ruined and now cannot be accessed easily due to Naxalite activities. One can also easily reach Rohtas fort via Rasoolpur. The third floor has a tiny cupola, which opens into the women' quarters. In local language it is also said "Chourasan Siddhi" because of its 84 steps. The land inside the fortification wall occupied by the modem village is also Government-owned, and is administered by the Directorate General of Archaeology and Museums. Rohtas Fort was built by:? The physical fabric of most of these elements and components is in a reasonable state of conservation. Rohtas Fort is a garrison fort built by the great Afghan king Sher Shah Suri. The garrison complex was in continuous use until 1707, and then reoccupied under the Durrani and Sikh rulers of the 18th and 19th centuries respectively. 'S eye view of the Grand Trunk road bestorming en is daardoor tot op ongeschonden! The fortification wall is nevertheless vulnerable to rainwater flooding and choking the drainage. Carried out has been minimal and discreet, avoiding the use of inappropriate modern materials example Muslim. 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