The gentle slopes at far right and far left project upward toward the center, giving an idea of how high this mountain used to be, estimated at about 15,300 feet above sea level. Introduction: The San Francisco Peaks are the eroded remains of a single, once-much-higher, stratovolcano called San Francisco Mountain (‘SFM’). In der Mythologie der Navajo sind die als Dook’o’oslííd bezeichneten San Francisco Mountains die westliche Begrenzung ihres traditionellen Territoriums. Rund 75,8 km² der Berge sind seit 1984 unter den Namen Kachina Peaks Wilderness als Wilderness Area ausgewiesen[2], die strengste Klasse von Naturschutzgebieten in den USA. Anschließend schmückten die Götter die Berge mit Abaloneschalen, brachten die ersten Gold-Waldsänger in das Gebiet und setzten Naadálgaii ashkii, den Weißen-Mais-Jungen und Naadáltsoii at'ééd, das Gelbe-Mais-Mädchen als lokale Götter der Berge ein. Die San Francisco Peaks (auch San Francisco Mountain) sind ein vulkanischer Gebirgszug im US-Bundesstaat Arizona unmittelbar nördlich der Stadt Flagstaff und 80 km südlich des Grand Canyon. The two highest points in the state are located on the mountain; Humphrey's Peak (12,633') and Agassiz Peak (12,356'). Jahren. Synonyms of features appear indented below the primary name. Designated a National Monument. The San Francisco volcanic field is a vast area covering more than 10,000 km22 containing cinder cones, lava fields, lava domes and the majestic (extinct) San Francisco Peaks, the highest of all mountains in Arizona, rising 5,000 feet above the surrounding plateau. Sunset Crater (Sunset Peak), San Franciscan volcanic field (San Francisco Peaks; San Francisco Mts), Coconino County, Arizona, USA : A prominent volcanic cone located 10 miles east of the summit of San Francisco Mountain. 0,4 – 1 Mio. Geotherm. A huge part of the quiz will be to identify major types of volcanos and where they exist in the world today. There is no Deformation History data available for San Francisco Volcanic Field. Even the mountains the road skirts around, the San Francisco Peaks, are the ragged remnants of a hulking stratovolcano. WOVOdat is a database of volcanic unrest; instrumentally and visually recorded changes in seismicity, ground deformation, gas emission, and other parameters from their normal baselines. The field covers 1,800 square miles (4,700 km²) of the southern boundary of the Colorado Plateau. For example in Northern California alone, there are nine active volcanoes. Northern Arizona is best known for the Grand Canyon. - See 251 traveler reviews, 73 candid photos, and great deals for Flagstaff, AZ, at Tripadvisor. The Global Volcanism Program has no Weekly Reports available for San Francisco Volcanic Field. Image of the Day Land There is data available for 1 Holocene eruptive periods. Sunset Crater, the State's youngest volcano, erupted in about A.D. 1085 and must have been witnessed by native inhabitants who lived very nearby. They are built when gas-charged frothy blobs of basalt magma are erupted as an upward spray, or lava fountain. Im Zentrum liegt die als Inner Basin bezeichnete Caldera, die nach Nordosten im Interior Valley aufgebrochen ist. Regional petrology of the San Francisco Volcanic Field, Arizona, USA. However, Mount Baldy has a much lower summit (11,420'). It is situated within the Coconino National Forest and was named for View of the San Francisco Peaks Regional Radar and Satellite Imagery Additional Resources . Jahrhundert von einer Gruppe spanischer Missionare vom Orden der Franziskaner nach ihrem Patron Franz von Assisi benannt. On the quiz there will be 30 Multiple Choice questions, which I will only need to choose 20 from. There is a drop-down list with volcano names which allow users to 'zoom-in' and examine the distribution of hot-spots at a variety of spatial scales. miles and includes 600 cinder cones (the small pimple-like features), 10 silicic domes (e.g., Mt Elden, Kendrick Peak), and the San Francisco Mountain composite volcano - the largest volcano in the field, and at 12,666 feet above sea level, the highest point in Arizona. Most of the San Francisco Volcanic Field’s volcanoes consist of basalt. Subsequently, a 20-40 kilometer-wide belt of successively younger eruptions migrated eastward, through the area of modern Flagstaff and beyond, toward the valley of the Little Colorado River. The San Francisco volcanic field is an area of volcanoes in northern Arizona, north of Flagstaff, US. Humphreys Peak is one of the three San Francisco Peaks on the rim of an eroded volcano. Andesite, which forms the region’s largest volcano, is dark gray in color thanks to its intermediate silica content. Most of the more than 600 volcanoes in the San Francisco Volcanic Field are basalt cinder cones. Less widely known are the hundreds of geologically young volcanoes scattered across the southern portion of the Colorado Plateau at the eastern foothills of the San Francisco Peaks. These not cards reflect the sheet that I filled out in class. There are six fumarole areas (1-6) near the peak of the crater. San Francisco Mountain is a stratovolcano in the San Francisco Volcanic Field and was built by eruptions between about 1 million and 93,000 years ago. Elson M D, Ort M H, Hesse S J, Duffield W A, 2002. J. Volcanol. The area presents some of Arizona's most impressive landscapes and geology. The following 205 samples associated with this volcano can be found in the Smithsonian's NMNH Department of Mineral Sciences collections, and may be availble for research (contact the Rock and Ore Collections Manager). San Francisco Mountain is a stratovolcano in the San Francisco Volcanic Field and was built by eruptions between about 1 million and 93,000 years ago. Since then, much of the mountain has been removed to create the "Inner Basin." Northern Arizona is best known for the Grand Canyon. Smiley T L, 1958. Basalt has the lowest viscosity of all common magmas. Er verleiht als „Hausberg“ von Flagstaff der Stadt eine markante Naturkulisse und ist zugleich der höchste Punkt in Arizona. The geology and dating of Sunset Crater, Flagstaff, Arizona. Clicking on the small images will load the full 300 dpi map. New Mexico Geol Soc Guidebook, 9th Field Conf, p 186-190. In some cases additional feature type, elevation, or location details are provided. Generate the forecast for a new location here. What is the difference between a caldera and a crater? The catastrophic result of an eruption at San Francisco Mountain about 400,000 years ago is visible in the collapsed look of the mountain’s eastern flank. Sie wurden von den beiden Göttergestalten Áltsé hastiin, dem Ersten Mann und Áltse adzáá, der Ersten Frau geschaffen und mit einem Sonnenstrahl am Himmel befestigt. Less widely known are the hundreds of geologically young volcanoes scattered across the southern portion of the Colorado Plateau at the eastern foothills of the San Francisco Peaks. J Petr, 36: 827-861. It is sponsored by the, Information about large Quaternary eruptions (VEI >= 4) is cataloged in the, EarthChem develops and maintains databases, software, and services that support the preservation, discovery, access and analysis of geochemical data, and facilitate their integration with the broad array of other available earth science parameters. Amer Antiquity, 67: 119-135. The San Francisco Peaks of Arizona are this type of volcano: Composite cone. San Francisco Peaks Volcano Field. The field contains 600 volcanoes ranging in age from nearly 6 million years old to less than 1,000 years (Miocene to Holocene), of which Sunset Crater is the youngest. Green J, Short N M, 1971. The largest vent, Sunset Crater itself, was the source of the Bonito and Kana-a lava flows that extended about 2.5 km NW and 9.6 km NE, respectively. Auf Luftaufnahmen leicht erkennbar sind die Reste der alten Lavaströme und die tektonischen Bruchlinien (Mesa Butte Fault und Doney Fault). Humphreys, the highest point on the San Francisco Peaks and in the state of Arizona. Ein klassisches Beispiel für einen solchen Lavadom ist Elden Mountain am Stadtrand von Flagstaff. Die heutige Berggruppe ist als ein Vulkan entstanden und weist die Struktur eines sanft ansteigenden Kegels auf. Arculus R J, Gust D A, 1995. San Francisco Peak, a composite volcano (or stratovolcano) above Flagstaff AZ, seen the south. The San Francisco Peaks north of Flagstaff are Arizona's highest mountain but used to be much higher before the stratovolcano collapsed. Sie bieten zahlreiche Erholungsmöglichkeiten, etwa Wintersport im Skigebiet Arizona Snow Bowl auf der Westflanke, Wandern, Mountainbiking und die Beobachtung von Wildtieren. Using infrared satellite Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, scientists at the Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i, developed an automated system called MODVOLC to map thermal hot-spots in near real time. There is no Emissions History data available for San Francisco Volcanic Field. (Credit: Brugger-Schorr, Carrie. This mountain was the first major lava dome to form and was possibly the highest point in Northern Arizona until other volcanoes started to form. Features are organized into four major categories: Cones, Craters, Domes, and Thermal Features. Diese Seite wurde zuletzt am 12. It is situated within the Coconino National Forest and was named for The San Francisco volcanic field is a vast area covering more than 10,000 km22 containing cinder cones, lava fields, lava domes and the majestic (extinct) San Francisco Peaks, the highest of all mountains in Arizona, rising 5,000 feet above the surrounding plateau. San Francisco Peaks, three summits— Humphreys, Agassiz, and Fremont peaks—on the rim of an eroded extinct volcano 10 miles (16 km) north of Flagstaff on the Colorado Plateau in north-central Arizona, U.S. Humphreys Peak (12,633 feet [3,851 metres]) is the state’s highest point, and from it places Als Erklärung für die Entstehung des Vulkanfelds wird ein geologischer Hotspot vermutet. The Global Volcanism Program has no Bulletin Reports available for San Francisco Volcanic Field. Pictures of the O'Leary Peak Trail, Sunset Crater Volcano National Monument, Arizona: The San Francisco Peaks, ten miles west of the O'Leary Peak summit They commonly collapse or explode at the top, giving them a bowl for a crater and a arc of summit peaks. The area presents some of Arizona's most impressive landscapes and geology. : Paul Morgan … The ancient inhabitants of this area must have witnessed the eruption of nearby Sunset Crater, the State’s youngest volcano, which erupted in about A.D. 1064. The San Francisco Volcanic Field started its procession of Volcano's around the area that the town of Williams. The highest peak in the field is Humphreys Peak, at Flagstaff's northern perimeter: the peak is Arizona's highest at 12,633 feet (3,851 m) and is a part of the Der Hauptkrater hat eine Tiefe von über 120 m. Asche und Schlacken des Vulkans bedeckte… Er entstand vor ca. The peaks of San Francisco Mountain, an eroded stratovolcano—which includes Arizona’s highest point, Humphreys Peak at 12,633 feet—tower over the ruins of an ancient Native American pueblo in Wupatki National Monument. Ice Caves, Sunset Crater (Sunset Peak), San Franciscan volcanic field (San Francisco Peaks; San Francisco Mts), Coconino County, Arizona, USA : An occurrence west of Sunset Crater. Geologic map of the east part of the San Francisco volcanic field, north-Central Arizona. There is a volcano closer than you think to San Francisco that will surprise you. San Francisco Peaks im Winter, gesehen vom Elden Mountain. May 15, 2014 - Northern Arizona is best known for the Grand Canyon. Die San Francisco Peaks (auch San Francisco Mountain) sind ein vulkanischer Gebirgszug im US-Bundesstaat Arizona unmittelbar nördlich der Stadt Flagstaff und 80 km südlich des Grand Canyon. The most prominent landmark is San Francisco Mountain, a stratovolcano that rises to 3,850 m (12,633 ft) and serves as a scenic backdrop to the city of Flagstaff. Less widely known are the hundreds of geologically young volcanoes scattered across the southern portion of the Colorado Plateau at the eastern foothills of the San Francisco Peaks. Updike, R.G., 1977, The geology of the San Francisco Peaks, Arizona: Tempe, Arizona State University, Ph.D. dissertation, 423 p., 11 sheets, scales 1:8,500 and 1:24,000. Die Gegend ist auch reich an Lavadomen, die aus silikatreichem Rhyolithmagma bestehen und aufgrund ihrer relativ hohen Viskosität steil herausragende geologische Strukturen bilden. If you want to hike contact the local U.S. Forest Service office on route 89 across from the mall. Within the state of Arizona, no other alpine areas exist. Humphreys Peak is one of the three San Francisco Peaks on the rim of an eroded volcano. Über ihn verschiebt sich die Nordamerikanische Platte westwärts, so dass seine Schlote scheinbar nach Osten wandern. Without the volcanoes, this region would be a flat, arid plateau. Sunset Crater (Sunset Peak), San Franciscan volcanic field (San Francisco Peaks; San Francisco Mts), Coconino County, Arizona, USA : A prominent volcanic cone located 10 miles east of the summit of San Francisco Mountain. Pictured above at center is a cinder cone volcano in the San Francisco Peaks Volcano Field near Flagstaff, Arizona.The peak in the background is Humphrey’s Peak (12,637 ft or 3,852 m), an extinct stratovolcano and the highest point in Arizona. Die San Francisco Peaks liegen im Coconino National Forest, einem Nationalforst unter Verwaltung des U.S. Forest Service. Die Berge sind von Fichtenwäldern bedeckt und haben schneebedeckte Gipfel. Der Hauptkrater ist leicht nach Westen versetzt; an der Ostflanke gibt es eine Mulde, die als Austrittsort des jüngsten Lavaflusses gilt. Res., 176: 363-376. Die Beschreibung beruht auf: Richard F. Holm: https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=San_Francisco_Peaks&oldid=200884835, „Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike“. To its west but not in … OSTI.GOV Conference: Volcanic geology of the Inner Basin, San Francisco Peaks volcano, Arizona (abstract) Volcanic geology of the Inner Basin, San Francisco Peaks volcano, Arizona (abstract) Full Record; Other Related Research; Authors: Holm, R F Publication Date: Fri Mar 01 00:00:00 EDT 1974 Research Org. The San Francisco Peaks are an extinct strato volcano in northern Arizona. [1] Auch in der späteren Schöpfungsgeschichte der Navajo spielen die Berge eine bedeutende Rolle. Eruptions built the peak between 1 million and 400,000 years ago. The San Francisco volcanic field of northern Arizona covers nearly 3,000 sq. Im Osten und Süden überdeckt der Kegel ältere Vulkanschlote, die als Rundungen an der Kegelbasis zu erkennen sind. Stratovolcanoes are large conical volcanoes composed of many alternating layers of hardened lava, and looser tephra (cinders, and larger volcanic “bombs”), plus pumice and ash, deposited during multiple eruptions, typically over millions of years. MODIS looks at every square km of the Earth every 48 hours, once during the day and once during the night, and the presence of two MODIS sensors in space allows at least four hot-spot observations every two days. Geol Soc Amer Bull, 120: 476-486. Die Berge befinden sich nicht in der Nähe der Stadt San Francisco, sie wurden im 17. For each MODIS image, the algorithm automatically scans each 1 km pixel within it to check for high-temperature hot-spots. Few People Realize There’s An Active Volcano Near San Francisco. Aus der Verteilung der Lavaflüsse in der vierten und letzten großen Phase lässt sich ableiten, dass der Vulkan vor rund 430.000 Jahren eine perfekte Kegelform gehabt haben muss. The San Francisco Peaks range, also called San Francisco Mountain, was once a huge, cone-shaped stratovolcano that rose somewhere between 16,000 and 20,000 feet high and looked like Mount Rainier in Washington or Mount Fuji in Japan. Der Hauptgebirgsstock ist der Stratovulkan San Francisco Mountain, dessen höchste Spitze der Humphreys Peak mit 3850 Metern Höhe ist. series_title_txtF:"Open-File Report - Arizona Geological Survey" geographic_facet:"San Francisco Peaks" topic_facet:"Geomorphology" Search: volcano; Suggested Topics within your search. Lava and other volcanic material appear purple, and the cinder cone field is tinged with green, as vegetation begins to colonize the newly laid landscape. The Global Volcanism Program has no activity reports for San Francisco Volcanic Field. Er verleiht als Hausberg von Flagstaff der Stadt eine markante Naturkulisse und ist zugleic… Olympus Mons is this type of volcano: Shield cone. That is less than … Additional vents along a 10-km-long fissure extending SE produced small spatter ramparts and a 6.4-km-long lava flow to the east. Eruptions built the peak between 1 million and 400,000 years ago. The vast San Francisco Volcanic Field in northern Arizona has more than 550 vents, the youngest of which is Sunset Crater, named for its brilliantly colored scoria deposits mantling the cone. Humphrey's is the highest at just over 12,600. Das Feld enthält über 600 Vulkane, die weniger als 6 Millionen Jahre alt sind; der letzte Ausbruch liegt etwa 800 Jahre zurück. Holocene scoria cone and lava flows at Sunset Crater, northern Arizona. Humphreys Peak (Hopi: Aaloosaktukwi, Navajo: Dookʼoʼoosłííd) is the highest natural point and the second most prominent peak after Mount Graham in the U.S. state of Arizona, with an elevation of 12,637 feet (3,852 m) and is located within the Kachina Peaks Wilderness in the Coconino National Forest, about 11 miles (17.7 km) north of Flagstaff, Arizona. The small town of Williams sits at the base of Bill Williams Mountain. Der San Francisco Mountain besteht allerdings aus Andesit-Lava mit mittlerer Viskosität und ähnelt mit seinen sanft abfallenden Hängen dem Mount Rainier oder dem Fuji. The only difference is size. Designated a National Monument. The vast San Francisco Volcanic Field in northern Arizona has more than 550 vents, the youngest of which is Sunset Crater, named for its brilliantly colored scoria deposits mantling the cone. The maps database originated over 30 years ago, but was only recently updated and connected to our main database. We welcome users to tell us if they see incorrect information or other problems with the maps; please use the Contact GVP link at the bottom of the page to send us email. Each day updated global maps are compiled to display the locations of all hot spots detected in the previous 24 hours. In Teilen des Wildnisgebietes herrscht Wegegebot zum Schutz der durch Erosion bedrohten Hänge. Very small-scale maps (such as world maps) are not included. Die San Francisco Mountains sind den Navajo heilig. They are volcanic in origin and span many different life zones. In: Bues S S (ed) Geol Soc Amer Centennial Field Guide, Rocky Mountain Sec, 2: 1-475. Variable effects of cinder-cone eruptions on prehistoric agrarian human populations in the American southwest. Finally, rhyolite, the most silica-rich lava, is light gray. Juni 2020 um 07:41 Uhr bearbeitet. San Francisco Mountain (peak on the left) viewed from Mount Elden to the southeast, near Flagstaff, Arizona. During flight, these lava blobs cool and fall … San Francisco Mountain (peak on the left) viewed from Mount Elden to the southeast, near Flagstaff, Arizona. young but extinct volcanoes of the San Francisco Volcanic Field. Humphreys Peak, highest point (12,633 feet [3,851 metres]) in Arizona, U.S., 10 miles (16 km) north of Flagstaff on the Colorado Plateau. New York: Springer-Verlag, 519 p. Holm R F, Moore R B, 1987. Catalog number links will open a window with more information. Cinder cones are relatively small, usually less than 1,000 feet tall, and form within months to years. The first volcanoes in the San Francisco Volcanic Field began to erupt about 6 million years ago, near present-day Williams, Arizona. Lava, corn, and ritual in the northern Southwest. Ort M H, Elson M D, Anderson K C, Duffield W A, Samples T L, 2008. The two highest points in the state are located on the mountain; Humphrey's Peak (12,633') and Agassiz Peak (12,356'). The San Francisco Peaks are an extinct strato volcano in northern Arizona. Die älteste Spur ist der Kendrick Peak, die San Francisco Peaks sind seine größte Struktur, weiter östlich liegt der Sunset Crater, und da er immer noch aktiv ist, werden in Zukunft am Ostende – wo sich mit dem Canyon Diablo und dem Meteor Crater weitere eindrucksvolle Landschaften befinden – neue Vulkane entstehen. The following references have all been used during the compilation of data for this volcano, it is not a comprehensive bibliography. Geologists believe it once reached a … Effects of scoria-cone eruptions upon nearby human communities. The default extended forecast is preset to Mt. Within the state of Arizona, no other alpine areas exist. This is 800 feet higher than Mt. Die individuellen Gipfel sind durch Erosion aus dem ursprünglichen Kegel entstanden. The maps shown below have been scanned from the GVP map archives and include the volcano on this page. A blanket of ash and lapilli covered an area of more than 2100 km2 and forced the abandonment of settlements of the indigenous Sinagua Indians. a surface expression of the Earth transferring molten rock or magma from beneath the rust to above the Earth’s crust (lithosphere This compilation of synonyms and subsidiary features may not be comprehensive. San Francisco Peaks: Beautiful volcano! Pläne zum Ausbau des Skigebietes in den Bergen wurden daher von den Navajo auch unter Berufung auf Schöpfungsgeschichte vor Gericht angefochten. Pictured above at center is a cinder cone volcano in the San Francisco Peaks Volcano Field near Flagstaff, Arizona. San Francisco Peaks Forecast. Sie sind großteils in neun Schuttfächern rund um den Gebirgszug abgelagert. Der Kegel ist nahezu symmetrisch mit einem Durchmesser von rund 1 km an der Basis. When one is found the date, time, location, and intensity are recorded. Der Vulkan entstand in fünf abgrenzbaren Phasen und besteht aus einem Gesamtvolumen von etwa 110 km³. Ort M H, Elson M D, Anderson K C, Duffield W A, Hooten J A, Champion D E, Waring G, 2008. The closest one will get is the White Mountains of eastern Arizona and Mount Baldy. Eastern San Francisco Volcanic Field, Arizona Agreement #: DE-FC04-2002AL68298 by Paul Morgan, John H. Sass, and Wendell Duffield Department of Geology Northern Arizona University with contributions from Tracey Fleger and Bill N. Fry Department of Geology, Northern Arizona University and age data report by Lisa Peters New Mexico Geochronological Research Laboratory P.I. Trotz der aus dem Vulkankegel durch Erosion herausgearbeiteten markanten Gipfel wird angenommen, dass nur rund 7 % des Gesteinsvolumens abgetragen wurden. Instead, the area includes both Arizona’s highest mountain—San Francisco Mountain, with peaks rising to 12,633 feet—and the State’s youngest volcano—Sunset Crater, which erupted less than 1,000 years ago Sugarloaf, a small dome that sits at the feet of the San Francisco Peaks, consists of rhyolite. Volcanic Landforms and Surface Features: a Photographic Atlas and Glossary. Like this, composite volcanos generally have steep sides like a cinder cone, but are much, much larger. Public domain.) There are six fumarole areas (1-6) near the peak of the crater. The vast San Francisco Volcanic Field in northern Arizona has more than 550 vents, the youngest of which is Sunset Crater, named for its brilliantly colored scoria deposits mantling the cone. Die meisten Berge des San-Francisco-Vulkanfeldes sind aus basaltischem Magma, dem Magma mit der niedrigsten Viskosität, aufgebaut. The San Francisco Peaks range, also called San Francisco Mountain, was once a huge, cone-shaped stratovolcano that rose somewhere between 16,000 and 20,000 feet high and looked like Mount Rainier in Washington or Mount Fuji in Japan. Image c/o Cliff Fenton. San Francisco Peaks, three summits— Humphreys, Agassiz, and Fremont peaks—on the rim of an eroded extinct volcano 10 miles (16 km) north of Flagstaff on the Colorado Plateau in north-central Arizona, U.S. Humphreys Peak (12,633 feet [3,851 metres]) is the state’s highest point, and from it places more than 150 miles (240 km) distant have been seen. Sunset Crater is a: Cinder Cone. Der Hauptgebirgsstock ist der Stratovulkan San Francisco Mountain, dessen höchste Spitze der Humphreys Peak mit 3850 Metern Höhe ist. If you want to hike contact the Humphrey's is the highest at just over 12,600. California is full of diverse landscapes, climates, and volcanoes. EarthChem is operated by a joint team of disciplinary scientists, data scientists, data managers and information technology developers who are part of the NSF-funded data facility. The peak in the background is Humphrey’s Peak (12,637 ft or 3,852 m), an extinct stratovolcano and the highest point in Arizona. Davon unbeeinflusst waren die extrem harten Überreste des Schlots, die als Core Ridge im Südwesten der Caldera aufragen.[3]. Humphreys Peak, highest point (12,633 feet [3,851 metres]) in Arizona, U.S., 10 miles (16 km) north of Flagstaff on the Colorado Plateau. calderas are generally larger that craters. Moore R B, Wolfe E W, 1987. Die steilen Hänge im Inner Basin und dem Interior Valley sind durch die erosive Wirkung von Gletschern entstanden. Sie gelten als Gebet und belebt. U S Geol Surv Map, MF-1960, 46 p text. Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report, Eruptions, Earthquakes & Emissions Application, Department of Mineral Sciences collections, Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS), World Organization of Volcano Observatories (WOVO), Large Eruptions of San Francisco Volcanic Field, Large Magnitude Explosive Volcanic Eruptions (LaMEVE), Volcano Global Risk Identification and Analysis Project (VOGRIPA), Integrated Earth Data Applications (IEDA), The IAVCEI Commission on Volcanic Hazards and Risk has a, Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity (. Die San Francisco Peaks gehören zum San Francisco Volcanic Field, das 4700 km² an der südlichen Grenze zum Colorado-Plateau umfasst. The eruptions forming the 340-m-high Sunset Crater cinder cone were initially considered from tree-ring dating to have begun between the growing seasons of 1064-1065 CE; however, more recent paleomagnetic evidence places the activity between about 1080 and 1150 CE. 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